Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies
"Acad. Jordan Malinowski"
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies
"Acad. Jordan Malinowski"
"Acad. Jordan Malinowski"
Training
Doctoral training at IOMT
Doctoral program - 1
Doctoral program - 2
Doctoral program - 3
Purpose of the training and offered doctoral programs
The aim of the training of doctoral students at IOMT is to create an environment for professional growth of young scientists with deep knowledge, creative thinking and ability to independently set and solve tasks. The training follows the modern scientific trends and quality criteria adopted in Europe and the world. Doctoral programs are inextricably linked to the tasks in the work plan of the Institute. The training is organized as a process with the following obligatory elements:
• good knowledge and analysis of literature data,
• good theoretical training,
• mastering the methods for experimental research,
• Dissemination of the results before the IOMT Colloquium, at national and international conferences and in scientific publications.
In the professional field 4.1 Physical sciences in IOMT doctoral students are trained in two specialties:
• Physics of wave processes
• Electrical, optical and magnetic properties of condensed matter
In the professional field 4.2 Chemical Sciences at IOMT doctoral students are trained in the specialty
• Physical chemistry.
Doctoral training and research conducted by the doctoral student should lead to the acquisition of specific skills and qualities. The specific objectives of the training are the following:
• Providing conditions for quality training by deepening and upgrading the fundamental knowledge of doctoral students, as well as opportunities to work with modern equipment, some of which are unique to the country.
• Training of staff for implementation not only in IOMT-BAS and other research organizations, but also for potential users of the results of the doctorate, such as small and medium enterprises, companies suitable for technology transfer and others.
• Supporting the integration of doctoral students into the European research community by facilitating their mobility.
• Making efforts to improve the social status of doctoral students by developing and improving their presentation skills, as well as to expand their language culture.
• good knowledge and analysis of literature data,
• good theoretical training,
• mastering the methods for experimental research,
• Dissemination of the results before the IOMT Colloquium, at national and international conferences and in scientific publications.
In the professional field 4.1 Physical sciences in IOMT doctoral students are trained in two specialties:
• Physics of wave processes
• Electrical, optical and magnetic properties of condensed matter
In the professional field 4.2 Chemical Sciences at IOMT doctoral students are trained in the specialty
• Physical chemistry.
Doctoral training and research conducted by the doctoral student should lead to the acquisition of specific skills and qualities. The specific objectives of the training are the following:
• Providing conditions for quality training by deepening and upgrading the fundamental knowledge of doctoral students, as well as opportunities to work with modern equipment, some of which are unique to the country.
• Training of staff for implementation not only in IOMT-BAS and other research organizations, but also for potential users of the results of the doctorate, such as small and medium enterprises, companies suitable for technology transfer and others.
• Supporting the integration of doctoral students into the European research community by facilitating their mobility.
• Making efforts to improve the social status of doctoral students by developing and improving their presentation skills, as well as to expand their language culture.
IOMT policy for quality assurance of training
Doctoral programs are constantly updated to enrich the topic and introduce more modern teaching methods. Doctoral programs are carried out in strict compliance with current legislation. Since 2011 the admission and training of doctoral students is in accordance with the Law for development of the academic staff in the Republic of Bulgaria and the Regulations for its implementation. The training takes place in accordance with the Regulations of the Training Center at BAS and the Regulations on the terms and conditions for acquiring scientific degrees and for holding academic positions at IOMT-BAS, agreed with the relevant Regulations of BAS. The successful implementation of the doctoral programs is monitored through regular presentation of the doctoral students before the Colloquium of the Institute. The implementation of all legal procedures for doctoral studies from the entrance exams to the defense of the dissertation is controlled by the Scientific Council of IOMT-BAS in close cooperation with the Training Center at BAS and the head of the doctoral program.
The policy for ensuring the quality of teaching in doctoral programs at IOMT is subordinated and borrows the basic principles of the system for evaluation of doctoral education applied in BAS, adopted by the Academic Council of the Training Center (http://edu.bas.bg/phd-school .html). This system for assessing the quality of training is fully compliant with the current regulations in the country and meets the best European and world practices. The implementation of the system achieves the widest possible integration in the European Research Area, as well as expanding the use of internationally recognized standards and procedures for assessing the quality of education and scientific results. The system for assessing the quality of doctoral education at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is aimed at complying with the seven European principles for innovative training of doctoral students from 2011.
In the process of their training, doctoral students perform the following activities: teaching work, research (creative) work and organizational work.
The study work includes:
• Attendance and participation in lectures and exercises in compulsory disciplines in professional fields and elective disciplines.
• Entering the specifics of the specialty.
• One doctoral minimum exam. The type and deadline for taking this exam are specified in the individual curriculum of each doctoral student; the exam is usually at the end of the training at IOMT-BAS in view of the high requirements for the materials included in this exam (Appendix 3).
• Mastering various experimental methods and techniques and working with unique equipment.
Research (creative) activity includes
• Preparation of the dissertation.
• Conducting research work.
• Publishing in prestigious magazines with active participation in the preparation of publications.
• Participation in conferences and research projects.
The organizational work consists of:
• Participation in scientific events organized by IOMT-BAS.
• Supporting demonstration activities during external visits.
The methodology for training doctoral students at IOMT is based on four complementary principles:
• deepening, expanding and upgrading fundamental knowledge;
• creation and validation of practical skills;
• acquisition and improvement of presentation skills;
• stimulating and supporting mobility.
By a decision of the Management Board of BAS from February 2006, the Regulations for the activity of the Training Center at BAS (http://edu.bas.bg/phd-school.html) were approved and effective from the date of its adoption, according to which regulates the mandatory application of a credit system in the preparation of doctoral students at BAS. According to the Regulations, the educational program is implemented in the Doctoral School at the Training Center in accordance with the credit system for training. Credits are raised from the following activities of the doctoral student at a certain mandatory minimum:
(a) implementation of the educational program;
(b) reporting to scientific forums on scientific results on the topic of the dissertation;
(c) publications based on scientific results on the topic of the dissertation.
For successful completion of the training it is necessary for the doctoral student to have collected at least 250 credits. The credits under the educational program are received in three educational modules: general specialized training, individual specialized training and general academic training.
The doctoral students are part of the staff of IOMT-BAS. They participate in the tasks of the IOMT research plan, are involved in projects funded by the Research Fund and have access to the unique equipment at the Institute.
The policy for ensuring the quality of teaching in doctoral programs at IOMT is subordinated and borrows the basic principles of the system for evaluation of doctoral education applied in BAS, adopted by the Academic Council of the Training Center (http://edu.bas.bg/phd-school .html). This system for assessing the quality of training is fully compliant with the current regulations in the country and meets the best European and world practices. The implementation of the system achieves the widest possible integration in the European Research Area, as well as expanding the use of internationally recognized standards and procedures for assessing the quality of education and scientific results. The system for assessing the quality of doctoral education at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is aimed at complying with the seven European principles for innovative training of doctoral students from 2011.
In the process of their training, doctoral students perform the following activities: teaching work, research (creative) work and organizational work.
The study work includes:
• Attendance and participation in lectures and exercises in compulsory disciplines in professional fields and elective disciplines.
• Entering the specifics of the specialty.
• One doctoral minimum exam. The type and deadline for taking this exam are specified in the individual curriculum of each doctoral student; the exam is usually at the end of the training at IOMT-BAS in view of the high requirements for the materials included in this exam (Appendix 3).
• Mastering various experimental methods and techniques and working with unique equipment.
Research (creative) activity includes
• Preparation of the dissertation.
• Conducting research work.
• Publishing in prestigious magazines with active participation in the preparation of publications.
• Participation in conferences and research projects.
The organizational work consists of:
• Participation in scientific events organized by IOMT-BAS.
• Supporting demonstration activities during external visits.
The methodology for training doctoral students at IOMT is based on four complementary principles:
• deepening, expanding and upgrading fundamental knowledge;
• creation and validation of practical skills;
• acquisition and improvement of presentation skills;
• stimulating and supporting mobility.
By a decision of the Management Board of BAS from February 2006, the Regulations for the activity of the Training Center at BAS (http://edu.bas.bg/phd-school.html) were approved and effective from the date of its adoption, according to which regulates the mandatory application of a credit system in the preparation of doctoral students at BAS. According to the Regulations, the educational program is implemented in the Doctoral School at the Training Center in accordance with the credit system for training. Credits are raised from the following activities of the doctoral student at a certain mandatory minimum:
(a) implementation of the educational program;
(b) reporting to scientific forums on scientific results on the topic of the dissertation;
(c) publications based on scientific results on the topic of the dissertation.
For successful completion of the training it is necessary for the doctoral student to have collected at least 250 credits. The credits under the educational program are received in three educational modules: general specialized training, individual specialized training and general academic training.
The doctoral students are part of the staff of IOMT-BAS. They participate in the tasks of the IOMT research plan, are involved in projects funded by the Research Fund and have access to the unique equipment at the Institute.
Doctoral program - 1
Electrical, magnetic and optical properties of condensed matter
The doctoral students at IOMT-BAS, who received ONS "Doctor" in this specialty, are highly qualified specialists in the field of development of nanostructured and optical materials of various types and purposes. The program provides for the study of optical materials with wide application in a number of fields of materials science, sensory science, photonics, chemistry, biology and medicine due to their inherent unique properties. Research tasks cover topics such as photoinduced processes and optical recording of information, improving the optical quality of polymers, synthesizing photonic crystals of metal oxides and nanosized zeolites for sensor applications, deposition of thin layers, development of hybrid structures and 2D materials for optics and photonics. , bio and gas sensors based on surface plasmon resonance.
In the field of optical sensors, sensitive and selective porous materials are being developed for incorporation into multilayer systems for optical detection of volatile organic compounds and moisture. Polymers are studied as an organic matrix to create artificial porosity in thin layers. The adsorption-desorption behavior of zeolite materials in the presence of toxic volatile organic substances is studied. Electrochemical deposition of nanostructured thin layers of ZnO on glass substrates coated with a thin layer of SnO2 is performed. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry are used. The deposition of graphene thin layers was studied by wet methods using graphene quantum dots.
A flexible electrochromic device is developed by mixing an ionic liquid in a multilayer graphene sandwich structure between two polyethylene terephthalate substrates. A change in the transparency of multilayer graphene when mixed with different anions was investigated. Transparent, conductive layers of ZnO: Al are integrated on flexible devices. Transparent flat panel displays on flexible pads attract special attention in the field of electronics thanks to high optical transparency and conductivity, excellent flexibility, easy receipt and low prices.
In order to model composite single-layer and multi-layer coatings of metal and semiconductor, the conditions for deposition of thin layers are studied. The influence of hardening and deposition rates, substrate type and thickness and the influence of the composition on the optical and structural properties of thin layers of chalcogenide glasses and thin metal coatings are studied. The optical properties of bulk glasses and thin layers of the Ge-S (Se) -Ag system are studied. Thin layers of Bi-Ag alloy are deposited for application to excite localized surface plasmon in the UV spectral region.
We are working on new plasmon structures, new bio / gas recognition elements and polarimetric detection methods. For bio / gas recognition elements, a coating technology is created on a thin gold layer by applying hemoglobin and myoglobin, which are very sensitive to the application conditions. The main task of polarimetric detection methods is the development of a spectral polarimeter.
Investigations of photoinduced processes in a new type of anisotropic nanocomposite materials based on azobenzene-containing polymers and azo dyes are performed. The inorganic component is nanoparticles of different size, shape and composition. New azo-azomethine dyes are synthesized and quantum chemical calculations are performed. The kinetics of the formation of the photoinduced birefringence of the layers is studied. The optimal concentrations of nanoparticles in the various nanocomposites are sought. The dynamics of the diffraction efficiency in the recording of polarization gratings is studied. The scattering of the nanoparticles used in the polymer matrix and the optical constants of the polymer layer are evaluated. A Monte Carlo simulation of the birefringence kinetics of azobenzene-containing polymers is performed.
The preparation of doctoral students takes place mainly in the laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis, synthesis of thin polymer layers, analysis of the topography of thin layers with an atomic force microscope, ellipsometric, fluorometric and profilometric measurements, electron microscopic analysis, vacuum evaporation. Each doctoral student is provided with access to the unique equipment at the Institute, which allows the planning of various experiments.
In the field of optical sensors, sensitive and selective porous materials are being developed for incorporation into multilayer systems for optical detection of volatile organic compounds and moisture. Polymers are studied as an organic matrix to create artificial porosity in thin layers. The adsorption-desorption behavior of zeolite materials in the presence of toxic volatile organic substances is studied. Electrochemical deposition of nanostructured thin layers of ZnO on glass substrates coated with a thin layer of SnO2 is performed. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry are used. The deposition of graphene thin layers was studied by wet methods using graphene quantum dots.
A flexible electrochromic device is developed by mixing an ionic liquid in a multilayer graphene sandwich structure between two polyethylene terephthalate substrates. A change in the transparency of multilayer graphene when mixed with different anions was investigated. Transparent, conductive layers of ZnO: Al are integrated on flexible devices. Transparent flat panel displays on flexible pads attract special attention in the field of electronics thanks to high optical transparency and conductivity, excellent flexibility, easy receipt and low prices.
In order to model composite single-layer and multi-layer coatings of metal and semiconductor, the conditions for deposition of thin layers are studied. The influence of hardening and deposition rates, substrate type and thickness and the influence of the composition on the optical and structural properties of thin layers of chalcogenide glasses and thin metal coatings are studied. The optical properties of bulk glasses and thin layers of the Ge-S (Se) -Ag system are studied. Thin layers of Bi-Ag alloy are deposited for application to excite localized surface plasmon in the UV spectral region.
We are working on new plasmon structures, new bio / gas recognition elements and polarimetric detection methods. For bio / gas recognition elements, a coating technology is created on a thin gold layer by applying hemoglobin and myoglobin, which are very sensitive to the application conditions. The main task of polarimetric detection methods is the development of a spectral polarimeter.
Investigations of photoinduced processes in a new type of anisotropic nanocomposite materials based on azobenzene-containing polymers and azo dyes are performed. The inorganic component is nanoparticles of different size, shape and composition. New azo-azomethine dyes are synthesized and quantum chemical calculations are performed. The kinetics of the formation of the photoinduced birefringence of the layers is studied. The optimal concentrations of nanoparticles in the various nanocomposites are sought. The dynamics of the diffraction efficiency in the recording of polarization gratings is studied. The scattering of the nanoparticles used in the polymer matrix and the optical constants of the polymer layer are evaluated. A Monte Carlo simulation of the birefringence kinetics of azobenzene-containing polymers is performed.
The preparation of doctoral students takes place mainly in the laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis, synthesis of thin polymer layers, analysis of the topography of thin layers with an atomic force microscope, ellipsometric, fluorometric and profilometric measurements, electron microscopic analysis, vacuum evaporation. Each doctoral student is provided with access to the unique equipment at the Institute, which allows the planning of various experiments.
Doctoral program - 2
Physics of wave processes
The doctoral students at IOMT-BAS, who received the ONS "Doctor" in the scientific specialty "Physics of Wave Processes", are highly qualified specialists in the field of wave optics as a basis for analog, digital and polarization holography and precise interferometric methods for non-destructive testing in optical metrology. The doctoral program envisages the development of optical coherence methods based on the phenomena of interference and diffraction, and widely used in a number of fields of materials science, informatics, photonics, chemistry, biology and medicine due to their inherent high resolution and high information capacity, the possibility of non-destructive testing. and real-time monitoring of dynamic phenomena. The research tasks solved with the help of optical coherence methods cover topics from the study of mechanical deformations and stresses to topographic and tomographic visualization of micro- and macro-objects, from process tracking to holographic displays for three-dimensional television, from holographic recording and storage of data to nano-production. Thus defined, the doctoral program is in full compliance with the strategic goal and mission of IOMT.
In the field of analog and digital holography, the focus of research is on the development of a holographic display and holographic printer based on a spatial light modulator and computer generation of holograms. Methods for holographic visualization of transparent objects are being developed. Methods for phase extraction in digital holography by solving the intensity transfer equation are being developed.
Methods for 4D imaging with optical coherence tomography are being developed. Algorithms for dynamic speckle analysis of industrial and biological objects are created and methods are developed for compressing the data by converting them into binary data or reducing the used levels of signal quantization. The developed methods are used to monitor the drying process of thin azopolymer layers.
Polarization holographic recording in azopolymer and hybrid thin films is studied. The birefringence of azopolymers donated with different nanoparticles is improved and multiple reversible polarization recording is performed. Issues related to the creation of polarization holographic memory, the development of spatial-light modulators with optical addressing and hybrid organic-inorganic devices are studied. Graphene-based liquid crystal devices are being actively studied.
Wave optics methods are used to describe the transmission of an optical interference wedge and to develop on this basis composite wedge-shaped interference structures for application in optical communications. Phase analysis based on time Hilbert transformation for the purposes of dynamic speckle interferometry is being developed.
The preparation of doctoral students takes place mainly in the laboratories for analog, digital and polarization holography, dynamic speckle analysis, spectrophotometric analysis, synthesis of thin polymer layers, analysis of the topography of thin layers with an atomic force microscope, ellipsometric and profilometric measurements, development of electron microscopic analysis, vacuum evaporation of layers and others. The laboratory for analog, digital and polarization holography has lasers, vibro-isolated masses, optical system for guidance, adjustment, measurement and control; optical translation and collimation apparatus; optomechanical systems, polarimeter, thermometer and optical caliper, space-light modulator, power meter, portable dynamic spectrophotometer. Samples of an industrial or biological nature may be tested in the dynamic specimen analysis laboratory. The installation allows lighting with two wavelengths, specialized software has been developed.
Each doctoral student is provided with access to the unique equipment at the Institute, which allows the planning of various experiments. It is an established practice for doctoral students to work alone in chemical laboratories, experimental facilities and with specialized equipment after a period of preliminary training.
In the field of analog and digital holography, the focus of research is on the development of a holographic display and holographic printer based on a spatial light modulator and computer generation of holograms. Methods for holographic visualization of transparent objects are being developed. Methods for phase extraction in digital holography by solving the intensity transfer equation are being developed.
Methods for 4D imaging with optical coherence tomography are being developed. Algorithms for dynamic speckle analysis of industrial and biological objects are created and methods are developed for compressing the data by converting them into binary data or reducing the used levels of signal quantization. The developed methods are used to monitor the drying process of thin azopolymer layers.
Polarization holographic recording in azopolymer and hybrid thin films is studied. The birefringence of azopolymers donated with different nanoparticles is improved and multiple reversible polarization recording is performed. Issues related to the creation of polarization holographic memory, the development of spatial-light modulators with optical addressing and hybrid organic-inorganic devices are studied. Graphene-based liquid crystal devices are being actively studied.
Wave optics methods are used to describe the transmission of an optical interference wedge and to develop on this basis composite wedge-shaped interference structures for application in optical communications. Phase analysis based on time Hilbert transformation for the purposes of dynamic speckle interferometry is being developed.
The preparation of doctoral students takes place mainly in the laboratories for analog, digital and polarization holography, dynamic speckle analysis, spectrophotometric analysis, synthesis of thin polymer layers, analysis of the topography of thin layers with an atomic force microscope, ellipsometric and profilometric measurements, development of electron microscopic analysis, vacuum evaporation of layers and others. The laboratory for analog, digital and polarization holography has lasers, vibro-isolated masses, optical system for guidance, adjustment, measurement and control; optical translation and collimation apparatus; optomechanical systems, polarimeter, thermometer and optical caliper, space-light modulator, power meter, portable dynamic spectrophotometer. Samples of an industrial or biological nature may be tested in the dynamic specimen analysis laboratory. The installation allows lighting with two wavelengths, specialized software has been developed.
Each doctoral student is provided with access to the unique equipment at the Institute, which allows the planning of various experiments. It is an established practice for doctoral students to work alone in chemical laboratories, experimental facilities and with specialized equipment after a period of preliminary training.
Doctoral program - 3
Physicochemistry
The doctoral students at IOMT-BAS, who received the ONS "Doctor" in the scientific specialty "Physicochemistry", are highly qualified specialists in the field of physicochemical research as a basis for the development of various types and purposes of nanostructured and optical materials. The doctoral program envisages the development of high-tech optical materials with wide application in a number of fields of materials science, sensory science, photonics, chemistry, biology and medicine due to the inherent unique properties of these materials. The research tasks solved with the help of physicochemical methods cover topics such as improving the optical quality of polymers, synthesis of photonic crystals of metal oxides and nanosized zeolites for sensor applications, formation of thin vacuum deposited polyimide layers, development of white organic light emitting diodes and -molecular organic solar cells, study of the morphology, microstructure and phase composition of nanomaterials, thin layers and bulk samples by electron microscopy. Thus defined, the doctoral program is in full accordance with the strategic goal and mission of IOMT-BAS.
Research on laser modification of thin-film materials - metal oxides, sulfides, halides in order to adapt their properties for application in modern technologies in the field of sensor technology, catalysis, biomedicine, micro- and optoelectronics and others. Photo-, electron- and ion-stimulated physicochemical processes in thin layers of amorphous and semicrystalline semiconductors are studied in order to create new media for recording information, materials for infrared and diffraction optics, optical communications, photonic crystals and others.
Vacuum-vaporized polymer layers and new nanocomposite materials, obtained by embedding in the polymer matrix of metal clusters, chromophores, etc., intended for integrated and nonlinear optics, micromechanics and semiconductor technology, nanotechnologies, are studied. New functional nanostructured materials for electrochemical detection of pesticides and foods, as well as nanofibers from biopolymers and mineral additives for medical applications are being developed.
Electrochemical, gas and bio-sensors based on vacuum-deposited thin layers of chalcogenide semiconductors, oxides, ceramic and composite materials, as well as gas sensors with optical detection based on one-dimensional photonic crystals of porous zeolite / oxide and polymer glass / chalcoge .
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photovoltaic cells are created on the basis of low molecular weight semiconductors. Technologies for application of thin-layer coatings of refractory metals, dielectrics, silver halides, amorphous semiconductors, polymers, composite materials, etc., as well as for microstructuring based on inorganic vacuum-evaporated photoresists are being developed.
The preparation of doctoral students takes place mainly in the laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis, synthesis of thin polymer layers, analysis of the topography of thin layers with an atomic force microscope, ellipsometric and profilometric measurements, electron microscopic analysis, vacuum evaporation of layers and polarity.
Each doctoral student is provided with access to the unique equipment at the Institute, which allows the planning of various experiments. It is an established practice for doctoral students to work alone in chemical laboratories, experimental facilities and with specialized equipment after a period of preliminary training. This stimulates their interest in experimental work.
Research on laser modification of thin-film materials - metal oxides, sulfides, halides in order to adapt their properties for application in modern technologies in the field of sensor technology, catalysis, biomedicine, micro- and optoelectronics and others. Photo-, electron- and ion-stimulated physicochemical processes in thin layers of amorphous and semicrystalline semiconductors are studied in order to create new media for recording information, materials for infrared and diffraction optics, optical communications, photonic crystals and others.
Vacuum-vaporized polymer layers and new nanocomposite materials, obtained by embedding in the polymer matrix of metal clusters, chromophores, etc., intended for integrated and nonlinear optics, micromechanics and semiconductor technology, nanotechnologies, are studied. New functional nanostructured materials for electrochemical detection of pesticides and foods, as well as nanofibers from biopolymers and mineral additives for medical applications are being developed.
Electrochemical, gas and bio-sensors based on vacuum-deposited thin layers of chalcogenide semiconductors, oxides, ceramic and composite materials, as well as gas sensors with optical detection based on one-dimensional photonic crystals of porous zeolite / oxide and polymer glass / chalcoge .
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photovoltaic cells are created on the basis of low molecular weight semiconductors. Technologies for application of thin-layer coatings of refractory metals, dielectrics, silver halides, amorphous semiconductors, polymers, composite materials, etc., as well as for microstructuring based on inorganic vacuum-evaporated photoresists are being developed.
The preparation of doctoral students takes place mainly in the laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis, synthesis of thin polymer layers, analysis of the topography of thin layers with an atomic force microscope, ellipsometric and profilometric measurements, electron microscopic analysis, vacuum evaporation of layers and polarity.
Each doctoral student is provided with access to the unique equipment at the Institute, which allows the planning of various experiments. It is an established practice for doctoral students to work alone in chemical laboratories, experimental facilities and with specialized equipment after a period of preliminary training. This stimulates their interest in experimental work.
Training courses of IOMT at BAS Education Center
Digital Holography And Optical Metrology
Lecturer: prof. Elena Stoykova, DSc
E-mail: estoykova@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
Lecturer: prof. Elena Stoykova, DSc
E-mail: estoykova@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
Digital holography, which records interference pattern of a reference beam with a light beam, reflected from an object, and reconstructs the holographic image by means of computer, finds wide application due to recent advances in laser sources, 2D photosensors, (CCD or CMOS cameras) and digital signal processing. Optical and digital holographic methods are an effective tool for precise remote registration of data about the relief, mechanical and physical properties of macro and micro-objects as well as for 3D visualization of objects.
PhD students get accustomed with the principles of Fourier optics, reconstruction algorithms of digital holograms (Fresnel approach, convolution approach and phase-shifting algorithm). Main approaches for computer generation of holograms are also considered. Holographic interferometry, digital holographic microscopy and visualization of phase objects are also included. Lectures include the theory of speckle phenomena in optics and implementation of speckle-interferometric methods. The main algorithms in optical metrology for processing of fringe patterns as phase-stepping method, Fourier analysis, wavelet techmique, minimization of cost-function are discussed. One of the main advantages of this lecture course is the possibility for MatLab programming for composing codes for digital reconstruction of holograms and processing of real images.
PhD students get accustomed with the principles of Fourier optics, reconstruction algorithms of digital holograms (Fresnel approach, convolution approach and phase-shifting algorithm). Main approaches for computer generation of holograms are also considered. Holographic interferometry, digital holographic microscopy and visualization of phase objects are also included. Lectures include the theory of speckle phenomena in optics and implementation of speckle-interferometric methods. The main algorithms in optical metrology for processing of fringe patterns as phase-stepping method, Fourier analysis, wavelet techmique, minimization of cost-function are discussed. One of the main advantages of this lecture course is the possibility for MatLab programming for composing codes for digital reconstruction of holograms and processing of real images.
Materials for optical data storage: disposable, reversible and new organic/inorganic composites
Assoc. Prof. Dimana Nazarova, PhD
E-mail: dimana@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
Assoc. Prof. Dimana Nazarova, PhD
E-mail: dimana@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
The course studies the most commonly used in recent years, light sensitive media for holographic recording. The basic requirements for these materials are presented, which are important to ensure full transfer of the fine interference picture. The basic characteristics, mechanisms for the image formation, specific treatment processes and methods of storage are also studied. This lecture course also introduces recent trends of research for the development and application of new composite materials, consisting mainly of photopolymer matrices as well as some anisotropic materials containing nanoparticles with different forms, consistence and structures.
Optical properties of organic / inorganic hybrid materials and structures
Prof. Tsvetanka Babeva, PhD
E-mail: babeva@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
Prof. Tsvetanka Babeva, PhD
E-mail: babeva@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
The course is suitable for young scientists, specialists and PhD students - physicists and chemists. The knowledge in optics is not obligatory. The aim of the course is students to gain knowledge of the foundation of thin film optics and methods for optical modeling of homogenous and heterogeneous media. The program consists of Maxwell equations for linear medium, refraction and reflection laws, Snell’s law, Fresnel’s equations, transmission and reflection coefficients of thin film and film/substrate, transfer matrix approach, multilayers systems. The widely accepted effective medium theories of Maxwell-Garnett, Lorentz-Lorenz and Bruggeman used for modeling of the optical behavior of hybrid structures are also considered. The emphasis is laid on the advantages and disadvantages of different theories and their applications. Some examples of advanced applications of hybrid structures in photonics is discussed.
Polarization holography and applications: holographic data storage in anisotropic materials
Assoc. Prof. Lian Nedelchev, PhD
E-mail: lian@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
Assoc. Prof. Lian Nedelchev, PhD
E-mail: lian@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
This lecture course gradually introduces the audience to the history and main concept of holography, the terminology used in the field and the general requirements for making a hologram. Some of the most interesting features of the holograms are presented – the parallax effect and the ability to reproduce the entire image of an object even from a small piece of the hologram. Different applications of holography are discussed and the focus is placed on holographic data storage – a technology of the future, offering more than 300 GB of capacity on a CD-sized disc.
Polarization holography allows to register not only the intensity and phase of light, but also its state of polarization i.e. to record the entire information carried by the light field. This is possible only in certain type of materials called photoanisotropic materials. The most effective and therefore most commonly used class of these materials are described – the azopolymers – which have been intensively investigated during the last decades. The applications of azopolymers include recording of optical elements with unique properties, formation of chiral structures that can be used for all-optical switching as well as polarization multiplexing. >Stilbene materials enable polarization recording in the UV and hence allow to increase even further the density and capacity on polarization holographic data storage.
The key advantage of this course is that it presents a modern field of research with very high publication activity in easy to understand way.
Polarization holography allows to register not only the intensity and phase of light, but also its state of polarization i.e. to record the entire information carried by the light field. This is possible only in certain type of materials called photoanisotropic materials. The most effective and therefore most commonly used class of these materials are described – the azopolymers – which have been intensively investigated during the last decades. The applications of azopolymers include recording of optical elements with unique properties, formation of chiral structures that can be used for all-optical switching as well as polarization multiplexing. >Stilbene materials enable polarization recording in the UV and hence allow to increase even further the density and capacity on polarization holographic data storage.
The key advantage of this course is that it presents a modern field of research with very high publication activity in easy to understand way.
Electron microscopy and electron diffraction as a tool for structure and phase composition analysis of materials
Daniela Karashanova, PhD, Associate Professor
E-mail: dkarashanova@yahoo.com
Hours: 30 teaching hours + 15 hours practice
Annotation:
Daniela Karashanova, PhD, Associate Professor
E-mail: dkarashanova@yahoo.com
Hours: 30 teaching hours + 15 hours practice
Annotation:
The lecture course is adressed to PhD students in speciality 01.05.05 Physical Chemistry with background in theory of matter structure, geometrical and wave optics.
The essentiality of this course are transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron mycroscopy, electron crystallography and some analytical methods for chemical composition, related with the electron microscopy, as well as the existing different techniques for sample preparation. Naturally, the course starts with an introduction, concerning the matter's structure theory, fundamentals of crystallography and crystal chemistry, electron – matter interraction. In the main parts, after a hystorical review of the prerequisites for transmission and scanning electron microscopes elaboration, their set-up and working methods are presented in details. The different microscopes' modes, additional devices and their functions are discussed. The main phenomena and processes, related with the image and diffraction patterns formation and registration are presented. In conclusion, some examples, demonstarting the relation of the electron microscopy and analytical methods, with the contemporary trends of the science and technologies, as synthesis of new materials, nanotechnology, nanoelectronics and new energy sources, are done. An attention to the created computer programmes for imaging and TEM analysis results treatement is paid.
A practical course will be held, also. It aims to acquaint the participants with the sample preparation techniques for TEM and SEM, with the procedures of instruments manipulation (starting, stopping and allignement), as well as to work in different modes of the microscopes and to analyse the obtained results.
The essentiality of this course are transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron mycroscopy, electron crystallography and some analytical methods for chemical composition, related with the electron microscopy, as well as the existing different techniques for sample preparation. Naturally, the course starts with an introduction, concerning the matter's structure theory, fundamentals of crystallography and crystal chemistry, electron – matter interraction. In the main parts, after a hystorical review of the prerequisites for transmission and scanning electron microscopes elaboration, their set-up and working methods are presented in details. The different microscopes' modes, additional devices and their functions are discussed. The main phenomena and processes, related with the image and diffraction patterns formation and registration are presented. In conclusion, some examples, demonstarting the relation of the electron microscopy and analytical methods, with the contemporary trends of the science and technologies, as synthesis of new materials, nanotechnology, nanoelectronics and new energy sources, are done. An attention to the created computer programmes for imaging and TEM analysis results treatement is paid.
A practical course will be held, also. It aims to acquaint the participants with the sample preparation techniques for TEM and SEM, with the procedures of instruments manipulation (starting, stopping and allignement), as well as to work in different modes of the microscopes and to analyse the obtained results.
Fundamentals of Photonics
Prof. DSci. Vera Marinova
E-mail: vmarinova@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
Prof. DSci. Vera Marinova
E-mail: vmarinova@iomt.bas.bg
Hours: 30 teaching hours
Annotation:
This course covers the basic principles of electromagnetic optics and interaction of the light with matter. Sub-topics will focused on a brief introduction of monochromatic waves (interference and diffraction of light), electromagnetic optics (electromagnetic waves, absorption and dispersion of light; slow and fast light in resonant media, optics in magnetic and metamaterials); polarization optics (reflection and refraction of light, evanescent waves, dispersion); optics of anisotropic media (crystal optics, optics of liquid crystals, polarization devices); semiconductor optics (interaction of photons with charge carriers, semiconductor photon sources and devices); principles of electro-optics (electro-optics of anisotropic media, photorefractivity) and non-linear optics (anisotropic and dispersive non-linear media). The purpose of fundamentals of photonics teaching is to introduce some of current issues of modern technology for development of advanced multifunctional materials (including graphene and 2D materials) and device fabrication that take place in the subwavelength (nanometer) scales.
Introduction to new materials
Dessislava Kostadinova, PhD, аssist. Professor
Hours: 20 teaching hours
Annotation:
Dessislava Kostadinova, PhD, аssist. Professor
Hours: 20 teaching hours
Annotation:
The aim of the course is to introduce PhD students to the field of new materials. The course includes a brief history of the use and creation of materials, the scientific methods, methods of preparation of advanced materials, and briefly discusses the techniques of analysis and their application areas. The course shows examples of scientific publications and video materials, as well as cited prestigious awards and patents related to the field of new materials. Particular attention is paid to the functionalized materials and their methods of preparation.